This common problem can be addressed using rarefaction (Simberloff 1972). Removing abundance effects: Rarefaction. Rarefaction answers the question "how many species would a smaller sample include?" ...

The oscillating variations in sound pressure (called the WAVEFORM of the sound) PROPAGATE in the form of a SOUND WAVE. See: ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE, COMPRESSION, LAW OF SUPERPOSITION, PARTICLE VELOCITY, ...

The short answer: two or more tiny microphones on the outer housing of the headphones' earcups "listen" to the noise around you and quickly create a mirror image of the compression and rarefaction of ...

In longitudinal waves, the particles oscillate parallel to the direction of energy transfer, causing areas of compression and rarefaction. In transverse waves, the particles oscillate ...