The limitations of mammary ductoscopy are that only a few ducts can be cannulated, and it is difficult to reach terminal and peripheral ducts owing to their narrow caliber. Molecular imaging ...

General methods of risk reduction in text. Offer tamoxifen. Offer ductoscopy, ductal lavage as decision aid. General methods of risk reduction in text. Familial Ask about family history of breast ...

Ideally, a PET scanner would detect the activity and produce an image of it. Ductal lavage and ductoscopy. The idea behind these two methods is that certain cancers begin in the milk ducts of the ...

Therefore, thorough preoperative imaging including EUS, MRCP or ERCP, and sometimes pancreatic ductoscopy, which can also be repeated intraoperatively, is useful. The surgeon needs to be prepared to ...