cObstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, U1153, INSERM, INRAE, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France ...

bNational Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Centre for Big Data Research in Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia ...

Melasma, on the other hand ... It's formulated with a trifecta of tranexamic acid, niacinamide, and licorice root extract. It targets dark spots and hyperpigmentation. It's suitable for even ...

Topical depigmenting agents ... Some drugs that worsen melasma include oral contraceptives/hormonal therapy and certain anti-seizure drugs (phenytoin or mephenytoin). Treatments may take months.

“Tranexamic acid (both oral and topical) is one of my favorite treatments for melasma. It reduces sensitivity to UV rays and hormones (both of which are known to aggravate melasma). Taking ...

These include retinyl palmitate, which works on the dermal-epidermal junction, and hyaluronic acid ... treatment for melasma, she said. Hydroquinone-containing topical preparations are used ...