These findings suggested that inflammation and excitotoxicity could play a role in secondary brain injury (Castillo et al., 2002; Mayer & Rincon; Rincon & Mayer, 2004). Another theory suggests ...

Newly discovered estrogen receptor-dependent signaling pathways demonstrate that estrogen functions in the cytosol as well as in the nucleus. The classic estrogen receptor signaling pathway occurs ...

and excitotoxicity. More than 40 studies have used progesterone for treatment after traumatic brain injury in adult animal models, with results summarized in tabular form. However, very few ...

In addition to neurorehabilitation, optometrists can improve patient outcomes using nutraceutical management after a concussion.