Consciousness remains one of the biggest mysteries. Some scholars believe that it is not limited to humans but could be a ...
Entanglement, a surprising physics prediction, links distant objects as though they are connected. Traditionally ...
It describes the forces and behavior of the Universe’s fundamental particles: quarks, leptons, and bosons. It is a very comprehensive framework backed by extensive experimental evidence and is ...
New mathematics offers a framework for a "unified theory" that could allow new methods of resolving several of the universe’s ...
In a groundbreaking development, scientists have successfully established a mathematical link between Einstein's theory of ...
The author examines leptons, hadrons and quarks, before presenting the dynamics and the surprising properties of the charges of the different forces, concluding with a discussion on neutrino ...
Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky observed that the velocities of galaxies in the Coma Cluster were too high to be maintained ...
Geared for discovery more so than delicacy, the LHC is defying expectations by rivalling lepton colliders for precision.
Electrons are one of the six types of lepton. Leptons are particles that can exist on their own. Protons and neutrons belong to the ‘family’ of hadrons. The hadrons are the heavier particles.
These four fundamental forces exist between fermions (quarks and leptons). They arise from the exchange of bosons. Bosons are the 'force carrying' or 'force-mediating' particles. If a fermion ...