Findings from the TAVR UNLOAD study found limited benefits of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in the treatment of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and moderate ...
This relationship is also influenced by complex mechanisms such as neurohormonal activation and systemic inflammation, both of which can accelerate cognitive decline in the presence of heart disease.
Several studies have shown that HF is associated with increased circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Cytokines are low-molecular weight proteins that are released by most cell types ...